Best photographer to make environmental destruction into art: Richard Misrach In an era when color photography was struggling to find its way as fine art, Misrach pioneered the large-scale color print as a form of environmental commentary. Noted for his haunting and often bleak observations on man and the environment, Misrach photographed deserts, lakes, and rusted-out buses in sprawling crystal clear images. Fraenkel Gallery

IMPACT: The breakthrough discovery not only gave hope to the 250,000 women worldwide who have the specific, aggressive form of the disease that Slamon linked with the mutation, it also paved the way for a whole new arsenal of targeted therapies that are being developed today to treat cancer. While the drug has been used to treat thousands of such patients, the FDA in November approved use of the drug—sales of which are now just under $1 billion annually—for early-stage breast cancer as well.

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EUREKA MOMENT: Many thought his approach was a non-starter, but Slamon knew he was on to something much bigger than treating just one form of cancer. "If we identify what’s broken specifically and target it specifically, we can develop more therapies that are less toxic and more effective," he says.

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